中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
《名师指导 英语从句总复习》由查字典出国留学网编辑整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日,如有任何问题请联系我们。
名师指导:英语从句总复习
1)表语从句
1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句
3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类:
(1)从属连词that.如:
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2)从属连词whether,as,as if.如:
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但as if却可引导表语从句,如:
All this was over twenty years ago,but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look等。如:
It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why.
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
如:The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
解释:
1.连词because可引导表语从句。如:
I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。
2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:
My suggestion is that we (should)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2)主语从句
1.定义:用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句
3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似。
(2)从属连词whether.如:
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
连接副词 where,when,how,why.如:
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
解释:
1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。如:
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B.It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。如:
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。如:
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D.It+seem,happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如:
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如:
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗?
G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。如:
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪!
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
2.注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义。
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
3)宾语从句
1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句。
3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:
He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2)从属连词if/whether.如:
I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don
’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever
连接副词 where,when,how,why.
如:
Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
(1)介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如:
I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释:
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:
I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares,does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?
6.宾语从句的时态变化规律:
(1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
4)同位语从句
1.定义:用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法:同位语从句的先行词多为fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark等,关联词多用从属连词that.如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来?
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注:同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如:
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
解释:
1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
that引导的同位语从句
that引导的定语从句
句法功能上
that只起连接从句的作用,无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上
从句是被修饰名词的内容。
从句起限定作用,是定语
如:The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位语从句,that不可省。)
原文来源: 中考英语语法:名师指导 英语从句总复习
Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。
He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
6)疑问词+动词不定式:
不定式和疑问词whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等动词后面作宾语,有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如:
On hearing the news,he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
听到这个消息,他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。
介词后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如:
Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。
《名师指导 英语从句总复习》由查字典出国留学网编辑整理