高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
《高中英语语法-英语语法表解1》由查字典出国留学网编辑整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。
英语语法表解1
表22直接引语→间接引语
直接引语 间接引语
时态变化 一般现在时→
一般过去时→
一般将来时→
现在进行时→
现在完成时→
过去完成时→
将来完成时→ 一般过去时
过去完成时
过去将来时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去将来完成时
时间状语 Now→
Yesterday→
Last week(year; month)→
Today←
Tomorrow→
Next week(year; month)→
Ago→
Then
The day before
The week (year; month) before
That day
The next day
The next week(year; month)
before
地点状语 Here→ there 指示代词 This→
These→ That
Those
句型变化 陈述句→
特殊问句→
祈使句→
一般疑问句→ that引导的宾语从句
由特殊问词引导的宾语从句
ask/tell/order sb to do sth.
由Whether(if) 引导的宾语从句。
表23 It 的用法
用法 例句
①作人称代词,指代前文提到的事。与one;that的区别:one指前文提到的同类物之一,且前面常有冠词、指示代词或形容词修饰,one也可指一个人;而that常指代前面出现过的不可数名词,与of介词短语连用,它也可指代可数名词,表示"较远的"人或物与this(近指)相对. A new pen is lying on the desk;It's Jack's.
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
I've lost my bike ,so I'll buy a new one.
The air of Chengdu is better than that of Beijing.
②指代前文中发出某个动作的人;也可指代婴儿。 Who is knocking at/on the door? It must be Tom.
③指代时间、距离、天气、季节。 It is very cold today;It's five o'clock; It's two hours' ride from the office to my home.
④代替前文的this或that. What's this(that)? It's a desk.
⑤用于强调句型It was/is+被强调部分+that(被强调部分是人时也可用who)+句子其余部分。 It was in Zigong that(不用where) I met Jack yesterday; It was yesterday that(不用when) I met Tom in Zigong;Is it he that(who) often helps you with your English?
⑥代替不定式、动名词或that或 whether等从句,作形式主语或宾语。 It isn't easy to do that; It's no use crying over spilt milk; I find it necessary to learn English; It's clear that he likes reading novels.
It 的用法(表23)精选练习:
1. Is ______necessary to complete the design before National Day ?
A. this B. that C.it D he
2.I don't think ______possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C.its D it
3.Does _____matter if he can't finish the job on time?
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
A. this B. that Che D it
4Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________didn't help . A. he B. which C. she D.it
5.I was disappointed with the film , I had expected _________to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D.it
6. ________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language . A.There B. This C,. That D. It
7. It was not until 1920 _________regular radio broadcasts began.
A.while B.which C, that D.since
8. It was about 600 years ago _______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made .
A. that B .until C. before D.when
9.Was ______that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C .you D. that yourself
10.________was in 1979 ______I graduated from the university?
A.That…that B. It …that C.That….when D.It…when
11. I hate ______when people talk with their mouths full.
A it B.that C these D.them
12. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate their beauty.
A.until B.that C.then D.so
表24 介词
类别 例词 例句或短语
表示地点、方向、方位 At;in;on;to;above;over;up;down;at the top of;on (the) top of;at the bottom of;behind; after; at(in) the backof;out of;into;through;across;below ;under;in(the) front of; on/to the right/left of;beyond;off;from... to;along;for.
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
At 106 North Street; at a hotel; at the airport(station,gate); at a distance (of…);in the distance ;arrive in/at; in(不用to) the direction of…;all over China; in bed(class,hospital);on one's way to;at/in/on the corner of…;on/in the street;ride on a bike(horse);a town on the river;lie on one's back;fall(come,break)off;in
the east/west/south/north of..;off the coast;at the top of one's voice;at the bottom of a page;In which direction are
you going?swim across a river;through a forest;down/along the street;beyond a village; from east
to west.
表示时间 At; in; on(=as soon as); by(not later than);after;before;since;not…until;for;
within;during;at the beginning(end) of… At Christmas(night,noon);at the age of; at five o'clock ; in the morning(afternoon,evening); on a coldmorning(afternoon,evening,night);in one's twenties;in the 1989s; within three weeks;since 1986;during the war;by the end of ;for six years;On arriving there,I began to work. .
表示原因 At; with; on; because of;on account of; for; owing to; thanks to; due to. Be disappointed(pleased,surprised) at;tremble with fear/cold;be wet with sweat; thanks to one's help;
because of illness;for political reason;thank(praise,scold,blame) sb for
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
(doing) sth.;He was late on account of a heavy rain;congratulate sb. on
(doing) sth;on business.
表示目的、目标 At;for;to Aim at;laugh(shout,throw,grasp) at; leave(start,set out,go,come) for; a
letter for sb.;show(lend,give,offer,
supply) sth. to sb.;buy (make, provide) sth for sb;be good for sb;for sale;
be good/kind/cruel/polite to sb.
表示方法、方式、工具、依据、凭借、价格、速度等 At;by;in;like;according to. At a low/high price;at any cost;
in English(pencil,red ink,cash);on TV(
the radio,the phone;the piano); with a
knife; feel/looklike; by air/bike/land/sea;buy sth on crdit;
on foot;make money by doing sth.;
He is paid by the hour; at 50 miles an
hour.
表示状态、数量、穿戴、关于、赞成、反对、所属范围、依靠和对比、与…碰撞等。 At;in;on;with;against;for;about;except;except for;but;besides;as to(for);among;
between. At war(work); in peace; in difficulty/
trouble; have difficulty in doing sth;have difficulty with sth;in the sun;
in the rain/storm;(be dressed ) in red (clothes); nine in ten(=nine out of ten);
be in the dark;on/about history;on fire/
sale/strike/show/holiday/exhibition;
with long hair;between ourselves;
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
be with sb on sth;He is tall for his age;
the city of London; act on one's instructions; live on one's salary;
;be against/for sb/sth;Switzerland lies
between France ,Germany,Austria
and Italy;He is on the football team.
The picture shows up well against the
white wall;He was leaning against the
door; He hit/struck his head against the door.
表24 说明:
①above ; on; over之间的区别:A:above是指某物上的的高低位置,不强调是正上方,其反义词为below,e.g.The moon was above the tree in the east. B:over指垂直正上方, 此外还可指"盖,遍及,从一边到另一边" e.g.The sky is over our heads; He climbed over the wall; He took over the business from his father;There is a boat under(不用below) the bridge.C:on 指"在..上.面或相互接触"e.g. Korea is on the east of China(不接壤用to the east of…); There is a book on the desk.;D.用于引申意思: He's over me in the company.他是我的顶头上司.He is above me in the company.他在公司的职位比我的高(并非直接上司).
②across与through的区别:across指从物体的一边到另一边、横过、越过,而through指从物体的中间通过.
He walked across the bridge and then through the valley ;You can fly across the U.S. in about five hours ; We will be across the border by tomorrow 。
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
③after 与behind 的区别:after 表位置时,一般指次序先后,意为"跟在….后面","次于". e.g.
Your name comes after mine on the list;而behind 指物体静态位置的前后(其反义词为in front of ) 且常指在物体本身之外的后面(若指物体本身后面用in/at the back of, in/at the back of的反义词为in the front of) e.g. Many people are sitting in the back of (in the front of ) the room. There are many trees behind (in front of ) the house; behind 还可指"落后,过了时刻,耽误时间". E.g. He fell behind the others; He fell behind the time;after也可指时间:"after +时间点"可用于将来时和过去时,而"after +时间段"只用于过去时;但"in +时间段"只用于将来时,e.g. I will be back in two hours(after two o'clock); He returned home after three days(two o'clock).
④besides;except;but;except for;but for的区别:A. besides与except用于肯定句时, (汤母没去)指"除...外(不再有)"; besides指"除...外(还有)".e.g.We all went to Zigong except Tom(汤母没去);We all went to Zigong besides Tom(汤母也去了) ; B. except 与but后都可接名、代、动名词和不定式及动词原形,且能互换;但except后还可跟副词、副词从句和介词短语等。E.g. He answered all the questions but/except the last one ;The window is never opened except in summer;He has always been in high spirits except recently;C. besides;except;but用于否定句时,可以互换: e.g. There aren't any other people to be considered esides/except/but you; D.but for 指"要不是…."e.g. But for your help , we couldn't have finished the work so soon;而except for 指从某一细节方面修正前面的概过性说法,其后的宾语一般与句子主语所涉及的东西不属同类.e.g. Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
⑤表示工具、方法、手段、根据的介词by、in、on、over、through的区别:by后的工具名词是泛指,故工具名词前不加冠词,也不用复数;而in或 on或over后接某一具体的工具名词,故要用冠词,例如:He came here by train(on/in a train);She went there by car(in a car);He came here on the first train ; Tom used to go to school by bike(on his own bike;on a horse);I received the news by radio(on/over/through the radio);He got the book through the library.但是当by指"凭借、根据"之意时,其后要用冠词the,例如:The cloth is sold by the yard;I am paid by the week。
⑥at、on、in接时间名词和地点名词的区别:at后一般接表示时刻、时点和noon、night、Christmas等类时间名词;on后一般接表示某一天的名词,但是当evening、morning、afternoon、noon和night等名词的前后有形容词或限制词修饰时就用on,例如:He came here in the morning (at night); He came here on a cold morning/night; He came here on the afternoon of March 1st;介词in后一般接表示年、月、周、季节、世纪、一生等较长时段的时间名词,如:He did a lot of work in his life;I will finish the work in a month/week/year。但是要注意当表示时间的名词前有this、that、last、next等修饰时,该时间名词前不能再用介词,例如:Last week he came here;He started(不能用on) that morning。在表示一个小的位置点时,一般用at ;而表示"在……里面"或一个较大的地方时,用in,例如:He arrived at the station yesterday;
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
He arrived in China yesterday.
⑦because of、due to、owing to、thanks to、for的区别:because of"因为、由于"构成介词短语,在句中常作状语,e.g. The train was delayed because of the rain;He walked slowly because of his bad leg;They are here because of us; due to"因为、由于"构成介词短语,在句中作表语或定语或状语,e.g. The accident was due to careless driving; His illness was due to bad food;owing to"因为、由于"构成介词短语,在句中通常作状语,也可作表语,这时与due to可通用,e.g. Owing to the shower,the football game was interrupted; These errors are owing to (due to) carelessness; thanks to "多亏、由于(含有感激之意)"构成介词短语,在句中作状语,e.g. Thanks to your help/advice ,much trouble was saved; for一般与reasons(但because of 不能和reasons连用)和doing sth 连用,例如,He left his homeland for political reasons;He was praised/scolded for doing that。
⑧.in、on、under都可表状态,但是它们在配搭上有区别:in常和peace、war、trouble、difficulty、order、place、good shape、uniform、anger、fun、poverty等连用;on常和holiday、fire、exhibition、show、sale、strike等连用;而under常和、consideration、way、construction、repair、discussion、suspicion、investigation等连用。
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
⑨ in、on 、to、towards、for表示方位的区别:在"左、右"边用on,往"左、右"边用to;在"东、南、西、北"里用in;向或朝某一方向(指静态位置时)用to或towards均可,但to或towards用作动态介词时,towards 强调动作方向,而to则兼指"到达"的含义;for则常和start、leave等连用,表示要去的目的地;on表示"接壤或接触"例如,The house on the left/right is mine;Shanghai lies in the east of China;The door opens to/towards the mountain;The house faces to/towards the south;The birds were flying towards the south(鸟正南飞);The birds flew to the south(鸟飞到南方去了);He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow;Korea lies on the east of China(强调"接壤");Taiwan lies to the east of Fujian(强调"没有接壤");there is a town on the river(河畔有一个小城)。
⑩up和down的区别:两者都有副词和介词的词性,但是两者的意思正好相反。Up 作为副词常与动词be、go、come、stay、stand、lift、walk、jump等连用,表"往高处、往上、向上方、往上游、向说话人方向走、或在高处、或(价格、水准、音量、速度等)增加或上升、完全地(如与use、eat、end连用)、紧紧地(如与tie、lock连用)、或(时间)已到",作为介词也表"往上或在上"、还可表示"沿着…."e.g. climb up the tree, walk up the street ;而down作为副词常与动词be、go、take、come、get、bring、write、turn、calm、cut、quiet、cool等连用,表示向下、下降、在下面、(写)下来、(程度、价格、品质、身份等)由高到低、由强到弱,作为介词down表"往下、或沿着"的意思,e.g. climb down the ladder,roll down the road 。
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来 高考英语语法:高中英语语法-英语语法表解1
留学网编辑整理我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 日语口语在线学习：每日一句 (47)雅思写作词汇2012：探讨中连接词的使用如何提高雅思写作探讨写作中连接词的使用gre王牌词汇：填空常用的单词Agre考试词汇量：如何用英文表达“我为你感到骄傲”雅思作文秘籍最常用错的五组词gre考试词汇量：英文词组“too…to…”的用法中考英语模拟试题:备战2012中考英语 每日一题凝练标准日本语在线学习：语法纠错讲解～文法チェック『18高一英语语法:高一英语语法一般现在时表将来