中考英语语法:09年中考英语单词分类复习策略11
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09年中考英语单词分类复习策略11
三、 常见习惯用语
?
(一) 知识概要 ?
由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful? 这时的答语应该是 Thank you? 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good? 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you? 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。??
(二) 正误辨析 ?
[误] - What can I do for you??
- Yes, please help me? ?
[正] - What can I do for you??
- I'd like to buy a sweater? ?
[析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。?
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[误] - Which colour do you like??
- Sorry, I don't like? ?
[正] - Which colour do you like??
- I prefer blue? ?
[析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it??
[误] Do you like to come with us tonight? ?
[正] Would you like to come with us tonight? ?
[析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:?
Shall we go? 我们走吧!?
Let's go? 让我们走吧!?
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??
What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??
Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢??
其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure??
[误] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??
Not at all? ?
[正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??
Never mind? ?
[析] "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:?
- Do you mind my smoking here??- _________ ?
A. Yes, do it please??
B. No, of course not??
C. Yes, take it please??
D. No, you can't take it??
这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:
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Do you mind if I open the door??
Would you mind mailing the letter for me??
其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not, not at all?
而不同意时应为 Yes, 或 I'm sorry??
[误] What's that man??
He is Mike? ?
[正] What's that man??
He is a teacher? ?
[正] Who's that man??
He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?
[析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。?
[误] - How much are they??
- Half a kilo, please? ?
[正] - How many bananas do you want??
- Half a kilo? Please? ?
[析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。?
[误] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? ?
[正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park? ?
[析] I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。?
[误] - Have a good time tonight!?
- You are the same? ?
[正] - Have a good time tonight!?
- The same to you? ?
[析] The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。?
[误] - What's the problem??
- I've got a headache? ?
[正] What's wrong with you??
I've got a headache? ?
[析] What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何,而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。?
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[误] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??
- Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?
[正] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??
- I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?
[析] Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如: Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有:?
I'm afraid that you are right??
其后直接加宾语从句。?
- Will you come to my birthday party??
- I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??
其后+not,表示否定。?
- Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog??
其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。?
Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??
其后+ of + 动名词,表示害怕做某事。?
Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??
其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?
[误] - How soon will you be ready??
- Two days? ?
[正] - How soon will you be ready??
- In two days? ?
[析] 此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用 in two days, 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问,则答语可以用 two days。?
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[误] - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- I don't mind??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
[正] - Would you mind if I have some time off??
- When exactly??
- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?
[析] 有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。?
[误] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" ?
[正] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" ?
[析] 在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论,"Who are you?" "I'm ××××?""My name is ×××××?"并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。?
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[误] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I don't hope so? ?
[正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??
- I hope not? ?
[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的,但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so? 但I don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 则为:我想可能不会发生吧!?
[误] - Is anybody there??
- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
[正] - Is everybody there??
- No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?
[析] 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave??
[误] - Your handwriting is very good!?
- No, my handwriting is very poor? ?
[正] - Your handwriting is very good!?
- Thank you? ?
[析] 中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说: Thank you? 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如: Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。?
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[误] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me? I'll go first?" ?
[正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: "Excuse me? I have to go?" ?
[析] 这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first? 朋友们会迷惑不解,而 I have to go? 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。?
[误] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to, and I'm too busy? ?
[正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??
- I'd like to, but I'm too busy? ?
[析] I'm too busy? 与 I'd like to? 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。?
[误] - Where's Deter??
- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
[正] - Where's Deter??
- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?
[析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。?
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[误] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Great? You look well too? ?
[正] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?
- Thanks? You look well too? ?
[析] 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹,而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。?所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。??
(三) 例题解析 ?
1? - Would you like to have some rice??
- _________ .?
A? Yes, I like B? Yes, please C? of course D? Yes, I have
?
[答案] B.?
[析] 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲 Yes, please? 如不想接受则用No, thanks??
2? - Nice to see you?
?- _________ .?
A? Good morning B? Happy to meet you, too ?
C? Nice to see you, too D? Pleased to meet you, too
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。?
3? - Would you please give me some water??
- _________ .?
A? Yes, I would B? Certainly C? No, thanks D? Yes, please
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?
[答案] B.?
[析] 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes, please? 为"是的,您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。?
4? - Thank you very much for helping me??
- _________ .?
A? You're welcome B? It doesn't matter
C? No need D? Don't say that
?
[答案] A.?
[析] You're welcome 译为中文为:不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为:没关系。?
5? - Hello, Lucy? How are you??
- _________ And you??
A? Fine, thanks B? Yes, I am
C? Glad to meet you D? Good afternoon
?
[答案] A.?
[析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好,谢谢!"?
6? - Help yourself to some meat??
- _________ ?
A? It sounds nice. B? Yes, please. ?
C? Yes, Let's help each other. D? Thank you.
?
[答案] D.?
[析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。?
7? - Oh, I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??
- _________ ?
A? Fine, How are you? B? Never mind? Take care ?
C? Well, I 'm sure to get weel soon. D? I'm sorry to hear that?
?
[答案] D.?
[析] 这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。?
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8? - Meimei you speak English very well??
- _________ .?
A? No, I don't think so B? Thank you very much?
C? Not good enough D? That's all right
?
[答案] B.?
9? - "Kate, could you answer the telephone, please?"?
- _________ , Mum? I'll get it.?
A? Yes, I could B? No, thanks ?
C? O?K? D? Yes, but I have no time
?
[答案] C.?
[析] 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。?
10? - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??
- _________ ?
A? No, thanks. B? With pleasure. ?
C? I'm not afraid. D? I'm sure you will.
?
[答案] B.?
[析] With pleasure? 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。?
11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster, please??
- _________ ?
A? Hold on, please. B? That's the headmaster, please. ?
C? Who are you ? please. D? Sorry? I'm not the headmaster.
?
[答案] A.?
[析] hold on, please? 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that, 而要用 this, 在电话用语中 that 指对方, this 指自己。?
我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 英国好大学推荐：斯达福德英语学校英国留学：斯达福德英语学校费用知多少雅思阅读历年真题中出现的100个英语短语雅思口语中正式与非正式英语解析名师传授：雅思口语15句有教养的英语表达雅思写作如何准备9月后作文雅思写作范文网：胡敏老师谈英语学习六大策略(1)雅思写作范文：那点事(1)英国哪个城市的英语最标准赴英国留学 申请资料及英语成绩 中考英语语法:09年中考英语单词分类复习策略11
A? What does B? Where does
C? What is D? Whom is
[答案] C.?
46? - _________ ?
- He is my boss??
A? What's the man? B? Who is the man? ?
C? How is the man? D? What does the man do?
[答案] B.?
47? - May I have your name? ?
- _________ .?
A? No, no B? You're polite
C? Call me John D? It's kind of you
?
[答案] C.?
48? - Shall I make coffee for you? ?
- _________ .?
A? Yes, thank you B? No, don't trouble ?
C? Don't trouble this, thank you D? No, don't make it
?
[答案] A.?
49? - Could you show me the way to Mr? Buown's office??
- _________ .?
A? Not at all B? I'm sure
C? All right D? I can do it
?
[答案] C.?
50? - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon??
- _________ .?
A? It's very kind of you B? You are so thoughtful ?
C? That's a good idea D? Yes, we'll go
?
[答案] C.?
-
《09年中考英语单词分类复习策略11》由留学英语组编辑整理()我们猜您可能喜欢以下文章： 英国好大学推荐：斯达福德英语学校英国留学：斯达福德英语学校费用知多少雅思阅读历年真题中出现的100个英语短语雅思口语中正式与非正式英语解析名师传授：雅思口语15句有教养的英语表达雅思写作如何准备9月后作文雅思写作范文网：胡敏老师谈英语学习六大策略(1)雅思写作范文：那点事(1)英国哪个城市的英语最标准赴英国留学 申请资料及英语成绩