[英语语法手册]非限定动词 E
动词不定式一般式所表示的时间关系
1)动词不定式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如:
I saw him go out.我看见他出去了。(saw与go out两个动作同时发生)
Would you help me put things in order before we leave?在我们离开之前,你帮我整理一下东西好吗?(would help和put同时发生)
2)但在很多情况下,动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后;如:
I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。(to see这个动作发生在hope之后)
The boy said he wanted to be a scientist.这男孩说他想做一个科学家。(to be在wanted之后)
动词不定式的时态形式
动词不定式通常有三种时态形式,现以write为例:
一般式to write进行式to be writing
完成式 to have written
动词不定式完成式的用法
动词不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前。如:
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起,叫你久等了。(to have kept发生在am所表示的时间之前)
She seems to have read the book before.她好像看过这本书。(to have read发生在seems所表示的时间之前)
The battery appears to have run down.这组电池好像已经用完了。(to have run down发生在appears所表示的时间之前)
但在下面句子中,动词不定式表示"动作没有完成":
We were to have met at ten.我们本来是约定十点钟见面的。(结果未见面)