雅思考试技巧之口语应试技巧(英)
本文来自雅思作文网liuxue86.com《口语应试技巧(英)》。 Before the test begins, the examiner will check your identification. For security reasons you will be asked to bring your passport or some other photographic identification. You will be asked to sign your name, which will be matched up with the photograph and signature on your IELTS application form. The test will then be conducted in five phases, which we will now describe in turn. Phase 1: Introduction In Phase 1, the examiner will first introduce himself or herself and will invite you to do the same. You may be asked some general questions about your background, family, home or personal interests. SKILL Greeting the interviewer and introducing yourself. Phrases you could use: ‘Good afternoon. My name is (name) . ‘Hello. My name is (name) but most of my friends call me (shortened version of name/nickname) . Think about questions that the examiner might ask about the personal information you provided on the application form. With a partner, take turns interviewing each other with questions based on this information. Try to give full and comprehensive answers to each question. Phase 2: Extended discourse In phase 2, the interviewer will encourage you to speak for a longer period of time on a familiar topic. You may be asked to speak on topics related to your country, such as customs or lifestyle, and your personal involvement with these. The aim of Phase 2 is to show the interviewer that you can describe something, tell a story, give information or directions or express your opinion without relying on the interviewer to help you through the task. The idea is for you to talk and give as much information as you can. Do not simply answer 'yes' or 'no'. Remember, the interview should be like a conversation. Do not memorise responses. If you appear to be reciting from memory, the examiner will interrupt and ask a different question. Before you begin preparing for Phase 2, you may wish to make a list of topics related to your country, culture, lifestyle, personal interests, etc. Once you have completed such a list, form questions that relate to each of the skills for this phase. Think about possible questions that could be asked. With a speaking partner, practise interviewing and being interviewed. Try to give full and comprehensive answers to each question. SKILL Providing general factual information. Questions you may be asked: ‘What are some important festivals in your country?' ‘What kind of climate does your country have?' ‘What are some of the main industries in your country?' SKILL Expressing your opinions and attitudes. Questions you may be asked: What do you enjoy about the traditional music of your country? ‘What do you think are positive and negative aspects of your country's education system?' ‘Would you prefer to live in the city or in the countryside and why? SKILL Describing a place, event or situation. Questions you may be asked: ‘Could you describe the village/town/city in which you grew up'? ‘What happens during (cultural event, such as Chinese New Year/Christmas) in your country'? ‘Could you tell me how you like to spend your leisure time?' SKILL Comparing places, events or situations. Questions you may be asked: ‘How is (city where candidate is studying) different from (candidate's home city)?’ ‘What is the difference between shopping in (city where candidate is studying) and shopping in (candidate's home city)?’ ‘What do you like most about living in (country where candidate is studying)? How does that compare with (candidate's home country)?’ SKILL You should be able to give directions and instructions. Questions you may be asked: ‘Could you tell me, in detail, how you got from your home to the test centre this morning?’ ‘If I had to catch a train or bus in (candidate's home city) what would I do?’ ‘If I were to meet (an important older person) in your culture, how should I greet them to be polite and show respect?’ SKILL You should be able to re-tell a story or a sequence of events. Questions you may be asked: ‘What happens in (an important festival) in your country?’ ‘What is the most embarrassing thing that's ever happened to you?’ ‘What did you do when you were preparing to leave (candidate's home country) to come to (country of study)?’ SKILL Explaining how or why something is done. Questions you may be asked: ‘Why do people do what?’(referring to something just mentioned) ‘Could you tell me more about the procedure involved in (the topic under discussion)’ ‘How do people celebrate the New Year in (candidate's country)?’ Phase 3: Elicitation In Phase 3, the interviewer wants to ascertain how competent you are at gaining information on a given topic. You will be given a card. On this card will be written a brief outline of a particular situation. The card will state your role and the role of the interviewer. You need to ask questions to find out more information. The card will suggest things for you to ask but these are only given to you as a guide. Do not feel compelled to follow these suggestions if you have ideas of your own. You are responsible for starting the conversation and, to some degree, developing and directing the flow of dialogue. To prepare for Phase 3, select one of the exercises from the Practice work cards below. Practise asking questions with a partner. Phase 4: Speculation and attitudes In Phase 4, the interviewer will converse with you in greater depth on a particular topic. Topics that may be discussed include your plans for the immediate and long-term future and the impact that these may have on you and your family. Your opinion about, attitude towards and reasons for your particular future plans may also be discussed. The interviewer may not understand or agree with some of your responses. You may be asked to expand or elaborate on some point that you have made, so be prepared for such a response. Being prepared, however, never means memorising set responses. During Phase 4, the interviewer will allow the discussion to become more complex. He or she may refer to other comments you have previously made so you may have to defend your opinion or give a more detailed explanation of an idea you have already mentioned. Before you begin preparing for Phase 4, you may wish to make a list of your future plans under the headings of academic, professional, personal and possible conse-quences of these plans. Also, make a list of topics that relate to your personal interests in life as well as a wider rangs of topics relating to your country, profession and specific area of study. SKILL Discussing your future plans. Questions you may be asked: ‘Tell me what you plan to do when you finish your undergraduate studies.’ ‘Have you thought about which university you would like to study at and why?’ ‘How did you come to choose (a chosen area of study)?’ ‘Would you ever like to have your own business? Why or why not?’ Here are some key phrases you could use: In the futureI hope to I would like to
successfully complete
a foundation course. a master's degree.
In a few yearsI intend to I'm planning to
graduate from study at
the University of Sydney. Astoria College.
In two yearswhat I have in mind is tomajor in study explore the area of
Psychology. International Trade. Marketing.
Within three yearsI imagine I willreceive complete
a BA. an MA. an MBA. a PhD.
SKILL Expressing your feelings, opinions and attitudes. Questions you may be asked: ‘What are your thoughts about (controversial issue)?’ ‘How would you feel if (a controversial issue) were to happen in the next three or four years?’ ‘You seem to support (a controversial viewpoint). Why is this?’ ‘Have you ever had to choose between (X) and (Y)? How did you make this decision? How did you feel as a result of your choice?’ SKILL Explaining why you made certain decisions in the past and giving reasons for your plans for the future. Questions you may be asked: ‘How did you know that you wanted to become a (candidate's choice of profession)?’ ‘When did you decide to study overseas? What influenced you to make this decision?’ ‘Why have you decided to study (candidate's choice of study)? How will this help your future career?’ SKILL Expressing agreement and disagreement. Questions you may be asked: ‘I agree with you to a point on this matter, but could you expand on it a little more, please?’ ‘I'm not quite convinced by what you are saying. Could you develop your idea more for me, please?’ ‘I'm sorry I don't quite understand what you are trying to say. Could you put it another way, please?’ Phrases you could use when agreeing: ‘Well, of course ... Naturally ... I couldn't agree more ...’ Phrases you could use when disagreeing: ‘I'm sorry. I can't agree with you ... I don't really think so ...’ ‘That may be so but ... Unfortunately, I have a different point of view ...’ SKILL Discussing hypothetical situations and speculating on future events. Questions you may be asked: ‘How do you think having a degree from an overseas university is going to help your job prospects when you return to (candidate's home country)?’ ‘Do you think that the time spent studying in a foreign country is going to benefit you personally? If so, in what ways?’ ‘How do you think your country benefits when students return from studying abroad?’ SKILL Following and responding to changes in tone and direction in the interview. Questions you may be asked: ‘Do you have any regrets about choosing (candidate's choice of profession) or (candidate's choice of country in which to study)?’ ‘If you could repeat the year of your life, what would you do differently?’ ‘What advice would you give other students planning on (studying overseas)?’ Phase 5: Conclusion This is the final section of the assessment and will naturally follow on from Phase 4. The interviewer will let you know that the interview has come to an end, wish you good luck and say goodbye. You can prepare yourself for this phase by becoming familiar with common expressions of leave-taking, noting them and practising responses to them. SKILLS Noting that the interview is finishing and saying thank you (with a smile!). Phrases you could use: ‘Thank you very much.’ ‘Goodbye.’ ‘See you.’ Coping with the interview There may be times in the interview when you may not understand what the examiner is saying because he or she may be speaking too softly or too quickly. Perhaps the examiner may be using words or phrases you do not know. At these times, do not be afraid to assert yourself. Ask the examiner to speak more loudly, more slowly or to use other words. Also, do not hesitate to ask the examiner to repeat his or her words at any time. Phrases you could use: ‘Could I ask you to speak more loudly please?’ ‘Sorry but I didn't catch that. Would you please repeat what you just said?’ ‘I'm not quite sure what you mean. Could you explain it to me?’
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口语24计
1. 任何考试，自信都是必要的，而微笑与从容永远都是信心的承载体；当然，说话声音的大小与清晰程度往往也起重要作用。
2. 雅思口语考试的关注点绝不是考生提供的信息内容，而是提供信息时所选用的形式，也就是词汇和句型。
3. 雅思口语考试的四点评分标准同等重要，考生千万不可顾此失彼，往往其中最弱的一项会决定你整个口语水平。
4. 发音是否标准决定着考官评判你英语水平起点的高低。
5. 词汇作为四大评分标准之一，并不是考察学生运用长难词汇的能力，而是对常用词汇的灵活把握。
6. 雅思口语中的语法，时态的把握尤其重要，不仅要求考生正确使用相应时态形式，同时，时态的多样性也必须有所体现。
7. 流利程度并非一味强调语速，而是要尽可能的减少表述中不必要的停顿和重复。
8. 大多考生习惯用单词或者短语回答口语第一部分的问题。但切记，雅思是语言能力的考试，句子的完整性至关重要。
9. 一句话回答问题总显得单薄无力，也达不到交流的目的。所以，学会合理扩充答案便成了一种技巧。
10. 常见扩充答案的方法有三种： a. 给理由； b. 举例子； c. 做展望。
11. 学会层次化信息，此时需要用到一些逻辑联系词，比如： first of all, besides, finally, etc.
12. 口语第二部分最大的障碍不是语言表达，而是确定表述对象。想要更快的锁定目标，考前的素材准备工作必不可少。
13. 一分钟题卡准备时间的分配如下： 5-10 秒读题； 10-15 秒确定表述对象； 35-45 秒做笔记。
14. 给自己的 speech 录音是练习口语行之有效的方法之一。
15. 学会用题卡中隐藏相关信息做扩充。比如，当谈论人物类话题时，可就其外观和性格作适当描述；当谈论地点类话题时，可就其地理位置作相应叙述。
16. 表述过程当中，注意语音语调的抑扬顿挫。一成不变的音律只会让考官怀疑你在背诵答案。
17. 一般情况下，第二部分的表达时间尽量控制在一分半钟左右。如果考官提前打断你，不要着急，也许并不是因为你表现欠佳，而是时间不够了。
18. 尽量保证在一分半钟之内完整表达你的 speech ，其中包括题卡中每一个问题的作答。
19. 口语第三部分重新回归一问一答的模式，没有额外准备的时间，考生需凭借第一反应作答。
20. 问题回答没有时间限制，考生不必强迫自己说太多，只要答在点上即可。
21. 减少 “I” 在这一部分的的出现次数，必要时可以用 “we” 或者 “people” 替代。
22. 如遇政府类或者抽象类话题，一个原则要记住： talk small, never talk big. 可采取以点代面的政策。
23. 处理对比类问题，比如： Do you prefer A or B? 可尝试用 “It depends” 的方式作答。这样的答案好处有两点： a. 讨论式作答比单一式作答更合理； b. 讨论式作答会花费更多的时间，减少考官发问的频率。
24. 回答对比类问题时，还应注意连接词的运用，比如： but, while, on the other hand. 同时，句型句式的重复也是这类题的死穴。
听力24计
1. 雅思听力只考细节，基本不考总结题，主旨题。
2. 听力最重要的是词汇，听力词汇与其他词汇不同点在于，你需要听出单词而不是单纯的看出或者写出单词。
3. 听力的大小写问题不要过分强调，官方回答通常情况下是大小写都可。
4. 需要特别注意单词的拼写和单复数，细节决定成败。
5. 注意题型的多样性，主要两大类分为填空题和选择题。
6. 填空题分为表格题，总结填空题，单句填空题，地图题。
7. 填空题要根据空格前后的词来预测答案的词性和内容。
8. 做适当的笔记，跟题干预测相关内容的笔记 , 比如说填数字，就记录数字；填动词就记录动词。
9. 注意原文当中和题干当中的同义替换，雅思听力就是考的题干和原文的同义替换能力。
10. 速记答案时采用缩写形式，只记单词的前两个字母，或者辅音变化，不用全部拼写出来 。
11. 不选违反常规的选项 。
12. 明显跟其它三个选项不同的选项 90% 是干扰项。
13. 正确的选项往往是对原文的同义替换；生动具体、重复原词的选项通常不正确。
14. 对于字数较多，难以辨别的选项，一定要认真比较它们的关键词，不要怕耽误时间。
15. 选择题要注意听风就是雨的陷阱，要听懂整个句子再进行选择。
16. 看题干要沉着，明确题目问什么再答题。考生因审题粗心而答错题的概率比你想象的高得多。
17. 在同一题下出现并列的短语，单词，数字，一般选最后一个。
18. 注意重复原则，同一题下出现多次的单词是关键词，也有可能就是答案。
19. 当句中突然出现语音，语调，语速的变化，暗示了答案的出现。
20. 当句中出现了明显的转折词，那么意味着有考点的出现。
21. 趁余音缭绕快速答题，否则会记忆缺失，混淆正确答案。
22. 雅思听力的出题频率一般是 30 秒钟间隔，如果过长没有出现下一个题的答案，多半就是已经漏听了，注意舍得原则，有舍才有得。
23. 没有证据，切忌想当然。没找到靶子，胡乱放的一枪，肯定没有打中。基本上，你拿不准的题就是答错了。
24. 最佳复习资料推荐剑桥系列 3-7 ，每套题做精听，听力按照场景和题型分类复习，具体建议可参见新航道 50 小时打造听力达人。
词汇24计
1. 背单词不要按 a-z 背，选取核心词汇集中度高的 S ， T 开始记忆。
2. 背单词不要急功近利，看一次肯定记不住，在不同的时间段不停地刺激对单词的记忆。
3. 一个单词看 4 遍，不如听一遍，写一遍，读一遍，再说一遍。
4. 背单词书只会增长阅读类的词汇，听说写类单词要学会按话题分类记忆。
5 听力单词要学会总结场景词汇，例如：租房类，银行类等等。
6. 口语词汇要按四大类话题记忆，人物，事件，地点和物品。
7. 背单词讲究重复次数，而不在乎单位时间，一个单词看十分钟，不如看十次，每次一分钟。
8. 单词分消极词汇和积极词汇，阅读类词汇属于前者，只需考生能读懂，口语写作类词汇属于后者，必须会应用。
9. 雅思考试词汇量为 7500 ，最核心的为 5500 ，与六级词汇量持平。
10. 背单词一定要听配套的 MP3 ，这样才能在听力考试中准确辨别单词。
11. 口语词汇平时要学会积累，看美剧时，随手记下好用又地道的表达。
12. 写作词汇要注意多样性的表达，一个单词要使用其同义词进行替换。
13. 写作词汇不盲目追求难词，一篇 7 分作文中，难词出现 7-10 个已足够。
14. 写作词汇注意准确性的使用，如果不确定是否使用准确，不如不用。
15. 积累必备的连接词，在口语和写作中展示逻辑性和结构性。
16. 阅读词汇不要抽离单个来记，放在原文中使用上下语境进行记忆。
17. 口语中，大胆 show 出最地道，最 in 的词汇表达，千篇一律只会让你的答案黯然失色。
18. 单词遗忘的最快时候是刚开始记忆的前两天，所以说，这三天内，抓紧时间跟他们亲密接触吧。
19. 生活中的词汇的积累不要放弃，平时多留心在任何地方出现的单词，很可能就会在雅思考卷上出现。
20. 平时多看原版文章和书籍，收集与作文各个话题相关的表达，这样才能写出最地道的西式风格的作文。
21. 背单词贵在坚持，一天 10 个，如果持之以恒，也是一比很大的财富。
22. 口语和写作的词汇不用掌握太多，记 50 个，用 50 的效果远远大于记 100 个用 40 个。
23. 记忆听力词汇一定要边听边说，边听边写，不能边听边看，当眼睛和耳朵同时在工作的时候，眼睛享有优先权，并没有练习到听力的能力。
24. 口语词汇不能在心里背，大胆的说出来吧，这样才能自然流利的运用在口语中。
阅读36计
1 烤鸭们在备考雅思阅读第一步不要疯狂做剑桥真题，资源是有限的，你应该先夯实高频词汇和必备的语法内容。
2最好的雅思阅读备考材料，除了剑桥真题还是剑桥真题。
3 雅思阅读高频单词你可以从练习中归纳，但对于时间很紧的同学使用一本好的单词书也不失为好的选择。
4 时间是我们最大的敌人，大家千万别养成拖沓的习惯，规定时间完成规定练习时必须的。
5 如果不能20分钟完成一篇阅读文章，你可以试着用渐进法练习，先以25分钟练习，慢慢缩减到23分钟，最终达到考试要求。
6阅读单项很在意正确率和时间两个环节，而这两个环节很难同时提高，烤鸭们首先应该提高的是正确率，在正确率稳定的前提下，训练速度。
7对于阅读中的判断题你一定要看清要求到底是填TRUE还是YES，虽然有时候不扣分，但是我们最好不要在考试体验冒险的感觉。
8判断题最难区别的是错和未提到（False和Not Given），但是最难判断的是对（True），因为原文和题目之间经过了复杂的统一转换和句型变化。
9 小标题不要只是寻找每一段的第一句和最后一句，数据显示这样做只有三分之一的正确率，想要更多分数，你还要关注文中转折词出现的地方。
10 小标题题型中的NB是不需要阅读的，要么是废话，要么是谎话。
11 段落中问句的后面和举例子的前面也许会出现主题句。
12 两个选项雌雄难辨，优先选择后一个选项。
13 Matching是一种没有顺序原则的题型，大家一定对此多练习，最好能记住题目中的关键词，Catch as catch can能拿多少算多少。
14 简答题和图表题非常简单，前者注意对应所给的特殊疑问词，后者注意利用表格已经给出信息寻找未知的信息。
15 阅读考试Summary题型对烤鸭们的语法是有要求的，把高中语法的从句以及动词时态整理下，在这个题型中将会有意外的惊喜。
16 带着问题阅读所给文章，在开始阅读所给文章前，应首先弄清下列问题再带着这些问题有的放矢地去读那些与答题有关的部分，有些部分则完全不看，这样就可以节省出更多时间，达到事半功倍的效果。
17 数字是个好东西，在文章中，数字是极容易找到的，如果在问句中出现数字时，可优先将数字作为标示牌在文章中找出答案的位置。需注意有时问句中的数字在文章中可能会用文字形式表达。
18 学会长句短读的能力：即指将一个长句子(有时不止一个句子，还包括从句)读成一个相对短的句子，以对长句子内容作一总结式归纳，找出其所陈述的要点。这种能力的培养对IELTS阅读测试帮助极大，考生应在平时勤加练习。
19 IELTS测试的金玉良言就是："所问所答"。大家要完全了解问题的类型，及根据所提供的信息，再去回答问题。有的学生在参加完IELTS测试后总感觉所得分数与估算分数相差甚远，原因无它，就在于对问题理解不够彻底，也就无法对所提问题做到精确回答
20 选项中有两个完全相反意思的选项，多数情况下有一个是正确答案。
21我们不拿常识去判断题目，多数情况下我们也不选违反常识的选项。
22一定要审题，一定要细心，弄清楚是填答案还是填字母选项，不按照题目要求答题丢分是很可惜的。
23 三篇文章中选择你最爱的，最感兴趣的先做，记住一定要让自己在高兴的氛围中完成雅思的考试。
24考试永远遵循先易后难原则，让自己越做越爽，你的舞台，自己主宰。
25 阅读考试过程中学会做完一篇文章就转移到答题卡上，避免最后没有时间填卡。
26 很多时候定位词是在一行的末尾和下一行的前部出现的。
27 特别简单的题直接选出，不要再看其它选项，做题的时候偶尔的风风火火可以为难题争取更多的时间。
28 只要你能在考试中找到信息，借助技巧多半是可以得分的。
29 平时阅读练习的时候，可以低音量放些英文歌曲，培养自己在有干扰环境下做题的能力。
30 介于阅读考试夹杂在听力和写作之间，特别建议烤鸭们平时模拟训练的时间，可以将此三部分整合练习，培养默契度。
31 对于剑桥系列所收录的G类阅读，A类考生也可以完成，特别是G类的Section three，和A类难度非常接近，甚至高于A类阅读题目。
32 雅思考试考的是语言，区别于四六级考试和国内的硕士研究生招生考试，题目的答案直接从文章的表象中找就可以，不用特深入地思考，如果定位之后，思维要经过山路十八弯，那大多时候就误入歧途了。
33 考官叫停笔就不要再和考题缠绵，缠绵的代价将是阅读0分。
34 考完阅读部分，急速整理状态迎战写作环节，很多时候阅读考完都会觉得脑袋很空，对于结果难把握，及时调整状态才能保证整场考试的成功。
35 雅思阅读近期仍将延续新题加旧题的模式，大家可以重点关注考前一年的高频机经，了解文章背景，题型设置。
36 答案一定填在"答案纸"上，在IELTS测试时，所有答案务必要填在所给的“ANSWER SHEET”纸上。
小作文18计
1, 小作文的字数不够乃低级错误之最！
2 ， 尽量把字迹写工整，虽然字迹工整与否并不是评分标准范畴里的，但若你的英文写成了狂草书，考官也是会抓狂的！
3 ， 小作文不需要用太过于复杂的句式，能避免使用定语从句就不用，记住一句话：用最精辟的语言表达出最完整的信息！
4 ， 在小作文中放入插入语，伴随状语等形式能让你的文章更显精辟！
5 ， 小作文是客观性作文，所以你的文章中只能使用客观用词，不能出现 because 等主观性解释性的语句。
6 ，不要用一般现在时贯穿首尾，一般情况下小作文主要时态为过去时。此外，将来时不会出现在小作文中！
7 ，单词重复属于小作文写作中的大忌！在精辟的同时请选用多样化的词汇彰显你的学术范儿。
8 ， 大作文所占分值更多，所以若遇大作文比较难写，先干掉大作文！
9 ， 老外非常注重英文写作时候的逻辑，所以在你的小作文里请分段清楚，那最能体现你清晰的逻辑思路。
10 ， 熟练掌握小作文三大段框架，即开头介绍段，中间描述段和结尾总结段，这会让你的文章看起来更具有条理和整洁。
11 ，中间描述段要以便于对比为目的，从对比和类比，从不同属性的比较，从最具有代表性的数据入手等都是行之有效的分段方法。
12 ， 小作文写作最好有明确是时间分配，即准备阶段 3 分钟，写作阶段 15 分钟。严格遵循 18 分钟完成小作文的要求。绝对不能抢大作文的风头！
13 ， 绝对不能忽略对比，当你用完比较级，最高级后开始绞尽脑汁时，何不尝试一下从数据入手，从曲线本身入手，从总量对比入手使用分数，倍数，百分比等语法手段多方位多角度立体式轰炸呢？
14 ， 字数不能过多，字数过多只说明一个问题：你在描述 all features 而不是 main features ！
15 ，在确定好首段改写 introduction 以及末段总结后，从宏观出发，找到分段点。再确定 main features. 最后选定合适的词和句。层层递进，逐个击破！
16, 不要为了凑字数而写，在准备阶段最好在心中有数，设定好整篇文章可以用几个句子完成，以期达到精辟和有效，没用的信息只会让考官反感。
17 ，结尾段不要遗漏，相反，重申总结或通过中间段分析得出结论能提高你文章的整体层次感！
18 ，单词拼写错误是写作中最不划算的扣分项，请写完后迅速浏览自己文中的单词拼写问题。
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