雅思词汇：议论文写作指导
在写作中能够得心应手的正确使用各种英文表达，对于许多考生来说都是一件心向往之却身久不能至的憾事。大多数考生对于写作词汇和句法的积累，依旧停留在机械的背单词背句子的低层次上，长此以往英文的表达能力不仅不会有长足的进步，甚至还会由于存在大量词不达意、文不对题的表达而导致英文水平退步。雅思专家分析认为，词汇学习关键要结合“四种短语”搭配法在语境中系统掌握和运用。
一、动词+名词
动词加名词结构在英文议论文中使用的频率最多。它既可以用在主动语态的句子中，也可以用在被动语态的句子中。但要注意：这里使用的动词是及物动词。下面给大家列举几个例子。
例一：spoil one’s children 溺爱孩子
剑四4 These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways.
例二：Encounter situations and experiences 遭遇不同的处境和经历
剑五4 Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the experiences and situations we encounter in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.
例三：shape one’s personality 影响人的性格
剑五4 It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops.
例四：raise the awareness 提高意识
剑五B I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public.
例五：take action 采取行动
剑五B Children can be educated about environmental issues at school, but adults need to take action.
例六：produce waste 制造垃圾
剑五B I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.
二、动词+介词
动词加名词是英文表达中容易出错的结构：考生总会想当然的给动词搭配一个介词，甚至直接省略不加。雅思专家提醒考生注意：这种结构主要用在主动语态的句子中，很少用于被动语态。同时，这里使用的动词是不及物动词。下面给大家列举几个例子。
例一：lie in something 在于…
剑四2 While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.
例二：lie with somebody 应由…承担责任
剑四4 But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children.
例三：benefit from something 从…中获益
剑四B They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.
例四：end up doing something 以…告终
剑四4 Young people may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.
例五：depend on 依赖，取决于
剑五4 But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development.
例六：use up something 用完，耗尽
剑五B We forgot that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce.
三、形容词+名词
形容词加名词的结构使用频率也比较高。形容词能够使表达的意思更具体更生动，名词能够使表达显得更加正式和学术。下面给大家列举几个例子。
例一：unpredictable and powerful experiences
无法预知且有影响力的经历
剑五4 It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.
例二：general knowledge 常识
剑五2 The reason for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.
例三：a broad view 目光远大
剑五2 By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.
例四：a clear perspective 清楚的理解
剑四2 An ability to keep a clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.
例五：an academic environment 学习环境
剑四4 Young people may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.
例六：loving personal relationship 相亲相爱的人际关系
剑四2 While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.
四、名词+介词
相比较动词加介词的结构，名词加介词考生的出错率更高。要想避免此类错误，雅思专家建议考生们必须积累各种常见搭配。下面给大家列举几个例子。
例一：consideration for somebody; understanding of something
考虑某人；理解某物
剑四4 Children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.
例二：a problem for somebody 某人的问题
剑四4 The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is not longer a problem for individual families, but also for society as a whole.
例三：advantages to doing something 做某事的好处
剑四B While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to child’s relationship with his or her parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.
例四：effects on something 对某事有影响
剑四B Such children find their first day at school at the age of six very frightening and this may have a negative effect on how they learn.
例五：a step in doing something 做某事的方法
剑四2 If there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge.
例六：a sense of something 意识到
剑四2 By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed by trivial things, etc.).
综上所述，写作词汇的学习绝不能流于形式，考生不应该仅仅看重自己能认识几个单词，而应该看重自己正确搭配单词的能力。要知道英文的表达绝不是简单的按照主谓（宾）或是主系表的顺序拼凑几个单词，而是严格按照英文的表达习惯进行的。
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