雅思阅读常考题型介绍之寻找信息（学术类）
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雅思阅读常考题型：寻找信息
Academic Reading sample task – Identifying information
The Moter Car
A There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the
world - and the number is rising by more than 40 million
each year. The average distance driven by car users is
growing too - from 8km a day per person in western Europe
in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor
vehicles has given rise to major problems, including
environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources,
traffic congestion and safety.
B While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than
they used to be, city streets and motorways are becoming
more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses
and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes.
This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban
areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe.
Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by
congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle
pollution is a major health hazard.
C Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20km
range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse.
Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail.
Invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility
to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible
over a much wider area. In the United Kingdom, about 90
per cent of inland freight is carried by road. The world
cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid
being locked into congested and polluting ways of
transporting people and goods?
D In Europe most cities are still designed for the old
modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has
involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking
lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car
use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life
without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor
vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people.
Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as
alienation and aggressive human behaviour.
E A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and
Environment found that car transport is seven times as
costly as rail travel in terms of the external social
costs it entails - congestion, accidents, pollution, loss
of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil
resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or Academic Reading sample task – Identifying information
buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal
transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up
private cars in favour of mass transit. Academic Reading sample task – Identifying information
F Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and
increase the fuelled efficiency of engines. But fuel
consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars
are preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many
people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes
or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global
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car use is increasing at a faster rate than the
improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which
technology is now making possible.
G Some argue that the only long-term solution is to design
cities and neighbourhoods so that car journeys are not
necessary - all essential services being located within
walking distance or easily accessible by public
transport. Not only would this save energy and cut
carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the
quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people
instead of cars. Good local government is already
bringing this about in some places. But few democratic
communities are blessed with the vision – and the capital
– to make such profound changes in modern lifestyles.
H A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass
transit systems for travel into and around cities, with
small ‘low emission’ cars for urban use and larger hybrid
or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically
tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay
charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of
transport systems is also highly desirable - and made
more feasible by modern computers. But these are
solutions for countries which can afford them. In most
developing countries, old cars and old technologies
continue to predominate Academic Reading sample task – Identifying information
Questions 14 – 19
Sample Passage 7 has eight paragraphs labelled A-H.
Which paragraphs contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14 a comparison of past and present transportation methods
15 how driving habits contribute to road problems
16 the relative merits of cars and public transport
17 the writer’s prediction on future solutions
18 the increasing use of motor vehicles
19 the impact of the car on city development Academic Reading sample task – Identifying information
Answers:
14 C
15 F
16 E
17 H
18 A
19 D
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