剑桥雅思写作之学术类议论文(上)
本文来自雅思作文网liuxue86.com《学术类议论文(上)》。 从全年看 ,2008 年大作文主要考题仍然以教育为主话题 , 虽然其它话题如居住环境、旅游、高科技、代沟、传媒影响等没有什么大的变化 , 但具体的题型和出题的侧重点更加变化多端，有些考题，如果要在考场上短时间内要联系到以前准备的话题，的确不是易事。
一，提问方式稳重有变
首先从提问方式上看，今年的变化不大，以复杂双边讨论为主。单边议论也有，但不是很多。值得注意的是，今年 3 月 1 日的考题中出现了一道考生不是非常熟悉的提问形式，给定几门功课，让考生从中选取课改后值得保留的科目。这种多选题形式的考题形式出现的不多，所以可能会给考生造成一定的压力。
08.03.01
Most countries spend much money on education, as they start to realize the importance of education. In your opinion which two subjects are the most important for young people and which one is the least important?
subjects: Literature Sports
Mathematics Economics
Physics History
Music Geography
Philosophy Foreign languages
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此外， 08 年 2 月 16 日也出现了一道比较新颖的题目，该题的背景介绍为一句名人名言，也是不多见的形式。不过该题并没有给考生的审题带来太大的障碍，因为后面的提问句的表述还是非常简洁清晰的。
08.02.16
“Tomorrow is the most important thing in life.”
- US movie actor & director John Wayne
Why is it important for individuals and countries to think about the future rather than focusing on the present?
二，教育类话题仍为核心考点
从话题方面看，以往的高频话题依然是今年的主打，如教育与就业、高科技与发展、环境与污染、犯罪问题等。其中教育类话题就占到了全年所有话题的三分之一。教育类话题一直是雅思学术类（ A 类）议论文的考场重点，但 08 年所考察的教育类话题与 07 年的教育类话题相比稍有不同： 07 上半年反复考到教育与高科技的结合，下半年考的多是政策等与教育的关系，而 08 年更侧重于具体的教学方法和青少年的教育问题。前者如 group study 和 study alone 的选择 (08 年 3 月 30 日 ) 、 rote learning 的利弊（ 08 年 12 月 6 日）、 secondary education （ 08 年 1 月 26 日）或者理论与实践课的取舍和就业的关系（ 08 年 7 月 5 日）等；后者主要有小孩利用电视或 PC 学习的利弊 (08 年 5 月 10 日 ) 、是否要完全服从大人或者老师（ 08 年 6 月 21 日）等。
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08.01.26
In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
08.05.10
Children can learn efficiently by watching television. Some people think that children should be encouraged to watch TV regularly both at school and at home. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
08.06.21
Some people say that children should obey the rules set by their parents and teachers, while other people think children will not be well-prepared for their adult life if they are given too much control. Discuss in both sides and give your opinion.
08.07.05
Some people believe that theoretical subjects (e.g. Maths, Philosophy and Economics) should not be taught in universities because they should focus on practical subjects (e.g. Computer Technology, Accounting....) To what extent do you agree or disagree?
08.08.30
Some teachers think it is effective for students to study in a group while others think it is better to study alone. What are the benefits of each way and which one do you think is more effective?
08.12.06
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Memorization of information by frequent repetition (rote learning) plays a role in many education systems. Does the usefulness of this method outweigh the limitations?
三，新话题仍占有一定比例
但今年应该是全新题目比较多的一年。如 2 、 3 月份的考题中有评价“ tomorrow is more important and precious ”，也有问“健康对个人还是对社会有利”，以及“保证健康的生活方式是个人还是政府的责任”等感觉非常陌生的考题；下半年的“社会运作是基于 rules and laws ”， 08 年最后一次考试的“社会公益节日的意义”等都是以前没有出现过的新题，而且比较抽象，观点不好表达，词汇也不是很熟悉。此外，以前的旧话题的某个侧面放大化重考也不乏此例。如 3 月 8 日的考题“修路由谁出资”就是以往多次考到的汽车数量增多造成污染加重的高频话题的一个解决方法； 8 月初的“是否要将大企业搬到乡下去”就是解决污染、就业、住房紧张等话题的政府采取的可行性措施之一；此外暑期考的旅游更易使人产生偏见还是心胸开阔，也是旅游这个多次考到的话题的一个侧面。
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08.02.16
“Tomorrow is the most important thing in life.”
- US movie actor & director John Wayne
Why is it important for individuals and countries to think about the future rather than focusing on the present?
08.03.13
People should look after their health as a duty to the society they live in rather than only for their own personal benefits. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
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08.03.29
Some people think that it is the responsibility of the government of a country to ensure that its people have a healthy lifestyle. However, others think that individuals should be free to make their own decisions on living. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
08.10.11
Society is based on rules and laws. It could not function if individuals were free to do whatever they want. To what extent do you agree or disagree ？
08.12.20
Nowadays, many charities and organisations publicize their activities by giving names to a particular day, such as National Children's Day and National Non-smoking Day. Why do they do so? What effects will these special days have ？
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虽然纷繁复杂，但事实上雅思的考题并没有所谓的新题 , 有的只是各个高频话题的排列组合。 只要平时把基础打好 , 多关注一些近期传媒的焦点 , 就不难找到每个貌似全新的考题的庐山真面目。如上段中的明天是否重要问题，可以联想到当前发展对环境的破坏与可持续发展的关系问题；健康对社会的作用除了生理健康更好的服务社会以外，还可以联想到心理的健康能够减少暴力案件的发生促进社会的和谐等。这样和以前准备的高频话题联系起来，考场上才能信心十足。
此外一般情况下 , 阅卷人并不是很关注从哪个方面论证 , 相比较而言更侧重的是是否条理清楚并言之有理 , 真正决定考分的永远都是句法和词汇表达。 所以对于写作的平均分低至接近 5 分的广大中国考生而言，更重要的问题是词汇的恰当和句法的准确以及句式的多样性和客观性。对于即将赴考的考生，建议大家多看看 VOA 、 BBC 或者其他英文媒体的报道，积累近期的关注焦点的英文对照。面对新题，有一点很重要 ---- 将其具体化到能够联系上近期发生的事件，空空论述词汇比较难把握。如今年考的政府职能、依法治国等题目，可能要提到各国政府救市 bailout 、三聚氰胺 melamine 等内容，可操作性更高些。
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