托福听力:疑问词的特殊含义
1. 在托福听力材料中,使用疑问词 who, which, what, how, when, where, why 的特殊疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调,但含义是不同的。如:
A: Mr. Smith thinks we ought to get the money in hand first.
B: Who? (↗)
A: Mr. Smith.
B用升调说 Who,表示听不清对方谈话中的某一部分,要求对方再重复那一部分。
A: We'd like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.
B: Who? (↙)
A: We thought that you or Dr. Johnson might do it.
B用降调说 Who,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。
2. 在托福听力材料中,附加疑问句可以读升调也可以读降调,意思是不相同的。降调表示发问者相信陈述句的内容,只等对方证实;升调表示发问者对陈述句内容的真实性没有把握,希望对方作出自己的判断。如:
A: You will finish the work, won't you? (↙)
B: Yes, I will.
A用降调提问,意思是:I know you will finish the work, but I want you to confirm it.
A: You will finish the work, won't you? (↗)
B: Yes, I will.(或 No, I won't. )
A用升调提问,表示A心中没有把握,因此,得到的回答既可能是肯定的,也可能是否定的。
3. 语调可以反应谈话人的互动性。如:
A: Are you Mr. Blake?
B: Yes.(↙)
A: Room twenty-six.
在这个例子中,B用降调说 Yes,表示B的认可,这是一个封闭式的回答。这表明如果A没有新的问题要问或新的信息要告知,也许他们的对话就可以结束了。
A: Are you Mr. Blake?
B: Yes? (↗)
A: Ah, the secretary would like a word with you.
在这个例子中,B用升调回答 Yes,表示这是一个开放式的回答,相当于 "Yes. But why do you ask?" 或是 "Yes. But who want to know?" 之意。这也就是说,B在回答A的问题的同时又向A提出了一个新问题,并要求A予以回答。
掌握了这一点之后,对于下面的对话就不难理解了:
M: How long shall we stay at the Grand Canyon?
W: A day? (↗)
Q: What does the woman mean?
(A) We shall stay at the Grand Canyon for one day.
(B) Shall we stay at the Grand Canyon for one day?
(C) To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is too short.
(D) To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is enough.
正确的答案是B哦。
4.陈述句式一般读降调,用以陈述事实。若读升调,往往表示对所说事情的怀疑。如:
She lent him her car.(↙)(用以陈述事实)
She lent him her car? (↗)(表示惊奇、的怀疑,含有 "Did she really lend her car to him ?" 之意。)
5.有些一般疑问句的句式读作降调,实际上表示感叹。如:Hasn't she grown! (↙)这句话实则表示:她成长得多快!
请看下面的试题:
M: Wasn't Sam's speech great! (↙)
W: Are you serious?
Q: What does the man say about Sam's speech?
(A) Sam's speech wasn't great, was it?
(B) Sam's speech was great, wasn't it?
(C) Sam gave a serious speech.
(D) Sam was not serious.
男人所表达的意思是啥?其实是对Sam发言之精彩发表感叹,也就是B选项。
有些一般疑问句句式也不需要回答,其功能也相当于陈述句,但肯定结构表否定,否定结构表肯定,而且传递了说话人浓烈的情绪。如:
W: Haven't you got anything better to do? (↗)
M: Ok, Mum, I'll turn off the TV and begin to do my homework.
显然,妈妈的意思是责备儿子不应该看电视,而应该做比看电视更有益的事——也就是说,妈妈认为儿子有更好的事可做。而对话中,儿子当然也明白妈妈的意思,因此说要关掉电视,开始做功课。
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