托福阅读资料： 生命科学类
托福阅读话题汇总——生命科学类：托福阅读经常会涉及到一些学术类的文章，包括生命科学类、欧美历史等。这些文章中包含了很多相关的学术词汇，如果考生对这些词汇不了解，难免会对答题造成一定的障碍。为了帮助托福考生更好的理解题义，小编为大家整理“托福阅读话题分类汇总”，希望大家熟记其中的核心词汇，并且找出相关的文章多做练习。 生命科学类
| 时间 | 涉及话题 | 核心词汇 |
| 1、昆虫 | ||
| 01-10 | 蚂蚁生存5000万年的原因 | Predatory eusocial insect/ predator/ specialization/cooperation/forage for food/ defend the nest/nest intruder/larva/labor category /caste/termite /solitary ant |
| 02-05 | 蚂蚁信息素 | Pheromones(chemical signals)/fire ant/ aggregation/solitary ant/colony odor/ identify intruder/colony integrity/alarm pheromone/ scurry/mark its trails/ ergate /soldier/queen ant |
| 03-10 | 蚂蚁间交流 | Forage/lay a trail/migration/stinger to/ trail pheromone/leafcutter/evaporate pheromone/receptor/antenna |
| 06-06-24 06-12-03 | 蜜蜂沟通 | Honey bee/Worker bee/Social/Scout/Scent/Pollen dance |
| 00-10-3 | 蝴蝶多样性 | Variety / Category / Diversity Richness / Distribution Tropical and temperate regions |
| 2、鸟类 | ||
| 02-10 | 始祖鸟 | Flying vertebrate/reptile/pterosaur/lizard/fossile/ wingspan/ancestor/quarry/link between dinosaur and bird |
| 00-01 | 人工孵化 | Aviculturist/incubation/parrot/temperature/ humidity/gradient/hatch/evaporate/artificial incubation/laboratory condition/viability/survivability/insulator |
| 01-05 | 鸟类换毛 | Molt / Feather / Wear out Outermost / Innermost |
| 01-08 | 鸟类欺骗战术 | Deception strategy/ground-nesting/trick/predator/several ploy/ emit/mimic/incubate/broken-wing display/flop |
| 03-01 | 鸟类在岩壁上筑巢 | Nesting on cliff/mate/lay/rear/raven/predator /relaxation of the defence /gull/kittiwake |
| 07-1-13 | 鸟类迁徙 | Migrate/Predict/Artificial sun/Real sun/Guide/Star/Inner clock |
| 06-12-8 | 鸟的鸣叫 | Twitter/Parents/Predator/Higher frequency/Gene |
| 3、水生动物 | ||
| 03-01 | 浮游生物繁盛期与石油 | Mesozoic ear/Cretaceous period/plankton/float/precipitate/silica/ Calcium carbonate/sediment/deposit/accumulate/remain/calcium carbonate-secreting/amass/prolific/bury/petroleum |
| 05-01 | 北美雀鳝 | Wetland region/needlelike teeth/snout/slender/ alligator gar/adept/fast sideways snap/ jaw/stealthy approach/marsh/aquatic habitat/ prehistoric/swimming bladder |
| 06-7-15 07-3-23 | 鳟鱼 | Predator/Gravel/Celsius degree/Survival environment |
| 07-8-25 | 鱼类体液渗透平衡 | Body fluid/Gill/Permeate/Balance/Solute/Urine |
| 05-12-17 | 海豚的智慧 | Dolphin/Intellective |
| 4、动物习性 | ||
| 02-10-3 | 动物的意识与认知能力 | Animal behaviorist/anticipate/coordinate/ consciousness/honeybee/nectar/figure-eight pattern/hive/ intelligence/cognition/otter/rudimentary tool/chimpanzee/summing ability |
| 04-5-1 | 动物哺育下一代 | Calve/marsupial/ spiny anteater/placental mammal/ offspring/descendant/reptile/crocodile/ caterpillar/paralyze/venom/store/larva/parental care/ forage/shield/survive |
| 04-8-5 | 动物使用工具 | Primate/chimpanzee/ants and termites/anvil/hammer/ modify/twig/strip/probe hole/woodpecker finch/cactus spine/ prey/beak /anemone/octopus/forest-dwelling primate/intruder |
| 07-03-04 | 动物保温机制 | Thermoregulation/Blubber/Bladder/Metabolic |
| 06-06-09 | 生物钟规律 | Biological clock/Bat/Nightly animal |
| 06-10-18 | 动物拟态行为 | Mimesis/Camouflage/Predator |
| 06-10-28 | 食草动物 摄食行为 | Vegetarian/Stern/Leaves/Ruminate |
| 06-10-15 | 蝙蝠和寄生虫 | Bat/Gregarious/Parasite/Beneficial |
| 06-09-15 | 动物捕食最优化 | Predator/Prey/Optimize |
| 5、灭绝与进化 | ||
| 02-01 | 史前人类活动导致巨型动物灭绝 | Subsist/hunter/gatherer/Pleistocene epoch/paleontologist/ prehistoric/mass extinction/overhunting/mammoth/ giant ground sloth/giant bison/direct competition/ demise/carnivore/predator/survive |
| 02-08 | 物种灭绝 | Extinct/perish/ecological change/temperature/ demise/dinosaur/plankton in the ocean/periodic extinction/ intersection/Earth’s orbit/comet/eliminate/adapt/evolutionary |
| 06-12-16 | 动物体型进化 | Body size/Limit/Reproduce/Special adaptation |
| 07-01-27 | 物种适应性 | Biological diversity/ecosystem/fragility/fringe marine ecosystem/ habitat destruction/irreversible/mass extinction/physical event/ climatic/cosmic/die out/demolish/biological devastation/adaptation |
| 6、植物 | ||
| 05-08 | 菌类 | Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/ carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/ cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/ antibiotics/penicillin |
| 04-01 | 苔藓 | Lichen/hardiest/framework/fungus/alga/stagnant/ photosynthese/dormant/dew/ultraviolet ray/stain/lichen colony / offspring/encounter/ stalk-like bud |
| 02-01 | 北美郁金香 | Tulip/Holland/cultivation/tenuous line/colonize/ carnation/settler/tulip bulb/grumble/ tulip entrepreneur/salesperson/ nostalgic longing/homesick |
| 08-01-05 | 植物的积极防御和消极防御 | Symbiotic specy/mechanism/performed/passive/ inducible/active/toxic/deterrent/immune system/vertebrate |
| 7、动植物关系 | ||
| 01-05 | 为何树冠内小动物少 | Canopy/twig/mammal/warm blooded/gap/tree crown |
| 02-09 | 松鼠与橡树 | Naturalist/ecologist/squirrel/acorn/disperse/ scurry/pesky seed predator/regeneration/dispersal/ seed maturity/germination/spread/reproduce/pry off/discard/litter |
| 07-06-24 | 动植物间的互利与共生 | Symbiosis/Pollination/Fungus/Symbiotic |
| 8、其他生命 | ||
| 03-08 | 生命起源 | Putrefy/microscopically/bacteria/microorganism/ spontaneous generation/hypothetical/chemist/microbiologist/ Pasteur/guncotton filter/alcohol/ether/solid particle/ microscope slide/mold/singe-celled/microbial cell/postulate/ deposit/glass flask/teem with/proponent/swan-neck flask/sterilize |
| 05-08 | 菌类 | Fungi/mold/yeast/mushroom/chlorophyll/synthesize/ carbohydrate/fungal cell/hyphae/enzyme/cellulose/ cellulose-destroying/timber/decomposition/organic matter/antibiotics/ penicillin |
| 9、生物学原理 | ||
| 07-01-13 07-01-27 | 物种适应性 | Biological diversity/Ecosystem/Fragility/ Habitat destruction/mass extinction/ Climatic/Biological devastation/Adaptation |
| 07-03-04 | 物种分类方法 | Monad/Fungus/Algae |