12年gre作文要求：GRE作文范文大全（33）
GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
In sum, because we devise machines in order that they may serve us, it is fair to
characterize machines as "tools of human minds." And insofar as humans have the unique
capacity for independent thought, subjective judgment, and emotional response, it also seems
fair to claim superiority over our machines. Besides, should we ever become so clever a
species as to devise machines that can truly think for themselves and look out for their own
well-being, then query whether these machines of the future would be "machines'' anymore.
Issue 71
"The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed
to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts
in popular opinion will accomplish little."
Whether effective leadership requires that a leader consistently follow his or her principles and
objectives is a complex issue--one that is tied up in the problem of defining effective leadership
in the first place. In addressing the issue it is helpful to consider, in turn, three distinct forms of
leadership: business, political, and social-spiritual.
In the business realm, effective leadership is generally defined, at least in our corporate
culture, as that which achieves the goal of profit maximization for a firm's shareholders or other
owners. Many disagree, however, that profit is the appropriate measure of a business leader's
effectiveness. Some detractors claim, for example, that a truly effective business leader must
also fulfill additional duties--for example, to do no intentional harm to their customers or to the
society in which they operate. Other detractors go further--to impose on business leaders an
affirmative obligation to yield to popular will, by protecting consumers, preserving the natural
environment, promoting education, and otherwise taking steps to help alleviate society's
problems.
Whether our most effective business leaders are the ones who remain consistently
committed to maximizing profits or the ones who appease the general populace by
contributing to popular social causes depends, of course, on one's own definition of business
success. In my observation, as business leaders become subject to closer scrutiny by the
media and by social activists, business leaders will maximize profits in the long term only by
taking reasonable steps to minimize the social and environmental harm their businesses
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cause. Thus the two definitions merge, and the statement at issue is ultimately correct.
In the political realm the issue is no less complex. Definitions of effective political leadership
are tied up in the means a leader uses to wield his or her power and to obtain that power in the
first place. Consider history's most infamous tyrants and despots--such as Genghis Khaan,
Stalin, Mao, and Hider. No historian would disagree that these individuals were remarkably
effective leaders, and that each one remained consistently committed to his tyrannical
objectives and Machiavellian principles. Ironically, it was stubborn commitment to objectives
that ultimately defeated all except Khan. Thus in the short term stubborn adherence to one's
objectives might serve a political leader's interest in preserving his or her power; yet in the long
term such behavior invariably results in that leader's downfall if the principles are not in
accord with those of the leader's would-be followers. 感谢您阅读《GRE作文范文大全（33） 》一文，查字典出国留学网()编辑部希望本文能帮助到您。GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
Finally, consider social-spiritual leadership. Few would disagree that through their ability to
inspire others and lift the human spirit Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King were
eminently effective in leading others to effect social change through civil disobedience. It
seems to me that this brand of leadership, in order to be effective, inherently requires that the
leader remain steadfastly committed to principle. Why? It is commitment to principle that is the
basis for this brand of leadership in the first place. For example, had Gandhi advocated civil
disobedience yet been persuaded by dose advisors that an occasional violent protest might be
effective in gaining India's independence from Britain, no doubt the result would have been
immediate forfeiture of that leadership. In short, social-spiritual leaders must not be hypocrites;
otherwise, they will lose all credibility and effectiveness.
In sum, strict adherence to principles and objectives is a prerequisite for effective
social-spiritual leadership--both in the short and long term. In contrast, political leadership
wanes in the long term unless the leader ultimately yields to the will of the followers.
Finally, when it comes to business, leaders must strike a balance between the objective of
profit maximization--the traditional measure of effectiveness--and yielding to certain broader
obligations that society is now imposing on them.
Issue 72
"In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any
woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will
eventually be diminished."
In general, I agree with the assertion that intense media scrutiny nearly always serves to
diminish the reputation of society's would-be heroes, for the chief reason that it seems to be
the nature of media to look for ways to demean public figures whether heroic or not.
Moreover, while in isolated cases our so-called heroes have vindicated themselves and
restored their reputations diminished by the media, in my observation these are exceptional
cases to the general rule that once slandered, the reputation of any public figure, hero or
otherwise, is forever tarnished.
The chief reason why I generally agree with the statement has to do with the forces that
motivate the media in the first place. The media generally consist of profit-seeking entities,
whose chief objective is to maximize profits for their shareholders or other owners. Moreover,
our corporate culture has sanctioned this objective by codifying it as a fiduciary obligation of
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any corporate executive. For better or worse, in our society media viewers, readers, and
listeners find information about the misfortunes and misdeeds of others, especially heroic
public figures, far more compelling than information about their virtues and accomplishments.
In short, we love a good scandal. One need look no further than the newsstand, local television
news broadcast, or talk show to find ample evidence that this is the case. Thus in order to
maximize profits the media are simply giving the public what they demand scrutiny of heroic
public figures that serves to diminish their reputation.
A second reason why I fundamentally agree with the statement is that, again for better or
worse, intense media scrutiny raises a presumption, at least in the public's collective mind, that
their hero is guilty of some sort of character flaw or misdeed. This presumption is
understandable. After all, I think any demographic study would show that the vast majority of
people relying on mainstream media for their information lack the sort of critical-thinking skills
and objectivity to see beyond what the media feeds them, and to render a fair and fully
informed judgment about a public figure--heroic or otherwise. 感谢您阅读《GRE作文范文大全（33） 》一文，查字典出国留学网()编辑部希望本文能帮助到您。GRE，全称Graduate Record Examination，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业。由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办，GRE是美国、加拿大的大学各类研究生院（除管理类学院，法学院）要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的最重要的标准。 另有，Generic Routing Encapsulation（通用路由封装）也简称GRE。
A third reason for my agreement with the statement has to do with the longer-term fallout
from intense media scrutiny and the presumption discussed above. Once tarnished as a result
of intense media scrutiny, a person's reputation is forever besmirched, regardless of the merits
or motives of the scrutinizers. Those who disagree with this seemingly cynical viewpoint might
cite cases in which public figures whose reputations had been tarnished were ultimately
vindicated. For example, certain celebrities have successfully challenged rag sheets such as
the National Enquirer in the courts, winning large damage awards for libel. Yet in my
observation these are exceptional cases; besides, a damage award is no indication that the
public has expunged from its collective memory a perception that the fallen hero is guilty of the
alleged character flaw or peccadillo.
In sum, the statement is fundamentally correct. As long as the media are motivated by profit,
and as long as the public at large demands stories that serve to discredit, diminish, and
destroy reputations, the media will continue to harm whichever unfortunate individuals become
their cynosures. And the opportunity for vindication is little consolation in a society that seems
to thrive, and even feed, on watching heroes being knocked off their pedestals.
Issue 73
"Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People who lack
experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can approach a task without
constraints of established habits and attitudes."
The speaker asserts that imagination is "sometimes" more valuable than experience
because individuals who lack experience can more freely imagine possibilities for approaching
tasks than those entrenched in established habits and attitudes. I fundamentally agree;
however, as the speaker implies, it is important not to overstate the comparative value of
imagination. Examples from the arts and the sciences aptly illustrate both the speaker's point
and my caveat.
One need only observe young children as they go about their daily lives to appreciate the
role that pure imagination can play as an aid to accomplishing tasks. Young children, by virtue
of their lack of experience, can provide insights and valuable approaches to adult problems.
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Recall the movie Big, in which a young boy magically transformed into an adult found himself
in a high-power job as a marketing executive. His inexperience in the adult world of business
allowed his youthful imagination free reign to contribute creative--and successful ideas that
none of his adult colleagues, set in their ways of thinking about how businesses go about
maximizing profits, ever would have considered. Admittedly, Big was a fictional account; yet, I
think it accurately portrays the extent to which adults lack the kind of imagination that only
inexperience can bring to solving many adult problems.
The speaker's contention also finds ample empirical support in certain forms of artistic
accomplishment and scientific invention. History is replete with evidence that our most gifted
musical composers are young, relatively inexperienced, individuals. Notables ranging from
Mozart to McCartney come immediately to mind. Similarly, the wide-eyed wonder of
inexperience seems to spur scientific innovation. Consider the science fiction writer Jules
Veme, who through pure imagination devised highly specific methods and means for
transporting humans to outer space. What makes his imaginings so remarkable is that the
actual methods and means for space flight, which engineers settled on through the experience
of extensive research and trial-and-error, turned out to be essentially the same ones Verne had
imagined nearly a century earlier!
Of course, there are many notable exceptions to the rule that imagination unfettered by
experience breeds remarkable insights and accomplishments. Duke EUington, perhaps jazz
music's most prolific composers, continued to create new compositions until late in life.
Thomas Edition, who registered far more patents with the U.S. patent office than any other
person, continued to invent until a very old age. Yet, these are exceptions to the general
pattern. Moreover, the later accomplishments of individuals such as these tend to build on
earlier ones, and therefore are not as truly inspired as the earlier ones, which sprung from
imagination less fettered by life experience. 感谢您阅读《GRE作文范文大全（33） 》一文，查字典出国留学网()编辑部希望本文能帮助到您。