加拿大移民法
发布时间：2015-10-15来源：查字典留学网
我们常说的加拿大移民法指的是加拿大的《移民与难民保护法(Immigration and Refugee Protection Act)》。该法至今最后一次修订的版本是2015年7月1日的版本。下面是加拿大移民局官网上公布的移民法及相关法律的总链接，由出国移民网为大家整理提供。
Table of Contents
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act 1 -SHORT TITLE 2 -INTERPRETATION 3 -OBJECTIVES AND APPLICATION 4 -ENABLING AUTHORITY 7 -AGREEMENTS 10.1 -PART 1-IMMIGRATION TO CANADA 10.1 -Division 0.1-Invitation to Make an Application 11 -Division 1-Requirements and Selection 11 -Requirements 12 -Selection of Permanent Residents 13 -Sponsorship of Foreign Nationals 13.1 -Undertakings 14 -Regulations 14.1 -Ministers Instructions 15 -Division 2-Examination 18 -Division 3-Entering and Remaining in Canada 18 -Entering and Remaining 21 -Status and Authorization to Enter 27 -Rights and Obligations of Permanent and Temporary Residents 31 -Status Document 31.1 -Refugee Travel Document 32 -Regulations 33 -Division 4-Inadmissibility 44 -Division 5-Loss of Status and Removal 44 -Report on Inadmissibility 45 -Admissibility Hearing by the Immigration Division 46 -Loss of Status 48 -Enforcement of Removal Orders 53 -Regulations 54 -Division 6-Detention and Release 62 -Division 7-Right of Appeal 72 -Division 8-Judicial Review 76 -Division 9-Certificates and Protection of Information 76 -Interpretation 77 -Certificate 81 -Detention and Release 83 -Protection of Information 85 -Special Advocate 86 -Other Proceedings 87.2 -Regulations 87.3 -Division 10-General Provisions 87.3 -Instructions on Processing Applications and Requests 87.4 -Federal Skilled Workers 87.5 -Federal Investor and Entrepreneur Classes 88 -Loans 89 -Fees 90 -Social Insurance Numbers 91 -Representation or Advice 92 -Material Incorporated in Regulations 94 -Report to Parliament 95 -PART 2-REFUGEE PROTECTION 95 -Division 1-Refugee Protection, Convention Refugees and Persons in Need of Protection 99 -Division 2-Convention Refugees and Persons in Need of Protection 99 -Claim for Refugee Protection 100 -Examination of Eligibility to Refer Claim 103 -Suspension or Termination of Consideration of Claim 105 -Extradition Procedure 106 -Claimant Without Identification 107 -Decision on Claim for Refugee Protection 108 -Cessation of Refugee Protection 109 -Applications to Vacate 109.1 -Designated Countries of Origin 110 -Appeal to Refugee Appeal Division 111.1 -Regulations 112 -Division 3-Pre-removal Risk Assessment 112 -Protection 115 -Principle of Non-refoulement 117 -PART 3-ENFORCEMENT 117 -Human Smuggling and Trafficking 122 -Offences Related to Documents 124 -General Offences 133 -Prosecution of Offences 137 -Forfeiture 138 -Officers Authorized to Enforce Act 142 -Peace Officers 144 -Ticketable Offences 145 -Debt Due to Her Majesty 146 -Collection of Debts Due to Her Majesty 148 -Transportation Companies 150.1 -Sharing of Information 151 -PART 4-IMMIGRATION AND REFUGEE BOARD 151 -Composition of Board 157 -Head Office and Staff 159 -Duties of Chairperson 161 -Functioning of Board 162 -Provisions that Apply to All Divisions 169.1 -Refugee Protection Division 171 -Refugee Appeal Division 172 -Immigration Division 174 -Immigration Appeal Division 176 -Remedial and Disciplinary Measures 187 -PART 5-TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS, CONSEQUENTIAL AND RELATED AMENDMENTS, COORDINATING AMENDMENTS, REPEALS AND COMING INTO FORCE 187 -Transitional Provisions 202 -Consequential and Related Amendments 202 -Access to Information Act 203 -Agricultural Marketing Programs Act 204. and 205 -Animal Pedigree Act 206 -Bank Act 207 -Budget Implementation Act, 1998 208 -Business Development Bank of Canada Act 209 -Canada Business Corporations Act 210 -Canada Customs and Revenue Agency Act 211. to 214 -Canada Elections Act 215 -Canada Labour Code 216. to 218 -Canada Shipping Act 219 -Canada Student Financial Assistance Act 220 -Canada Student Loans Act 221. and 222 -Canada Transportation Act 223. to 226 -Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act 227 -Chemical Weapons Convention Implementation Act 227.1 to 232 -Citizenship Act 233 -Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Implementation Act 234 -Cooperative Credit Associations Act 235. to 241 -Copyright Act 242. and 243 -Corrections and Conditional Release Act 244 -Criminal Code 248. and 249 -Emergencies Act 250. to 252 -Extradition Act 253 -Foreign Publishers Advertising Services Act 254 -Income Tax Act 255 -Insurance Companies Act 256. to 258 -International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development Act 259 -Investment Canada Act 260 -Labour Adjustment Benefits Act 261 -Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act 262 -National Energy Board Act 263. to 267 -Old Age Security Act 268 -Pilotage Act 269 -Privacy Act 270 -Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) Act 271 -Trade-marks Act 272 -Trust and Loan Companies Act 273 -Terminology 273.1 -Coordinating Amendments 274 -Repeals 275 -Coming Into Force SCHEDULE
Related Information Related Provisions Amendments Not In Force Regulations made under this Act Adjudication Division Rules(SOR/93-47) Body for the Purposes of Paragraph 91(2)(c) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, Regulations Designating a(SOR/2011-142) Convention Refugee Determination Division Rules [Repealed](SOR/93-45) Federal Courts Citizenship, Immigration and Refugee Protection Rules(SOR/93-22) Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations(SOR/2002-227) Immigration Appeal Division Rules(SOR/2002-230) Immigration Division Rules(SOR/2002-229) Ministerial Responsibilities Under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Order(SI/2015-52) Oath or Solemn Affirmation of Office Rules (Immigration and Refugee Board)(SOR/2012-255) Oath or Solemn Affirmation of Office Rules (Immigration and Refugee Board) [Repealed](SOR/2002-231) Order Designating the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration as the Minister responsible for the administration of that Act(SI/2001-120) Protection of Passenger Information Regulations(SOR/2005-346) Refugee Appeal Division Rules(SOR/2012-257) Refugee Protection Division Rules(SOR/2012-256) Refugee Protection Division Rules [Repealed](SOR/2002-228) Respective Responsibilities of the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Under the Act, Order Setting Out the [Repealed](SI/2005-120)扩展阅读：
加拿大移民法诞生的历史背景
加拿大1947年出台的《公民法》和重新修订的《移民法1952》开启了新一轮的欧洲移民潮大门，伴随战后经济的高速发展，作为主要的工业化国家，加拿大劳动力市场急需各种技能的技术工人。1947至1961年间，尽管新移民总人数赶不上第一次移民潮的峰值，但是和第一次相比，多数新移民并非来自传统的移民来源地英国，而是欧洲大陆，尤其是南欧的意大利。其身份也由原先以农民为主转变成技术工人为主，呈现多元化趋势。同时，移民问题对加拿大政局的影响力日益明显，特别是少数民族社团的选票成为很多选区的关键票。
种族歧视和多元文化来自欧洲的两次移民潮，造就了加拿大移民大国和经济强国的地位。随着1960年《加拿大人权法案》的提出，带有种族歧视色彩的加拿大移民政策也成为众矢之的。1962年，当时的移民部长Ellen Fairclough女士领导了一场改革，矛头直指移民法中的某些条款，例如不间断旅行条例，她认为选择移民的标准应基于申请人的教育、技能等因素，而非肤色、民族或国籍。1962年2月，加拿大成为世界3个主要移民国家(另两个为美国和澳大利亚)中最早废除种族歧视移民政策的国家。
得益于此，世界各地人士纷纷加入移民加拿大的行列，尤其是亚洲地区的申请量直线飚升，1966年，来自欧洲的申请仍占总申请数的85%，到1970年，已大幅下滑至不足50%。来自非洲、亚洲和拉美等地区的新移民大大改变了加拿大原先的民族构成，由白人为主变为世界多民族大家庭，加拿大接纳的新移民来自世界上240余个国家和地区，民族多达4000余个。多元文化成为加拿大移民政策的一抹亮彩，并成为加拿大国际形象的新标志，还被写入了加拿大宪法。
60年代，加拿大面临出生率不断下滑、经济高速增长、高新技术人才紧缺的挑战，1966年发表的《白皮书》指出：移民对保持国家人口和经济的高速增长做出了很大的贡献，并建议政府吸纳更多的独立移民。加拿大于1967年正式推出了评分制作为挑选独立移民的客观标准，即根据申请人的教育、就业机会、年龄、个人适应力、英语/法语能力等指标综合评分。该制度实行至今，并为其他移民国家陆续引进，可谓移民史上的又一座里程碑。
而1974年发表的《绿皮书》则推动了移民法的改革，当时的移民和人力部部长RobertAndras先生认为移民法应解决为什么我国需要移民这样一个基本问题，而以前的《移民法1952》则着重于阻止加拿大不需要的人入境或定居。在广泛倾听民众呼声和各方建议后，《移民法1976》应运而生，并与1978年起正式实行。它奠定了加拿大移民政策的基本原则和目标，并划分了四个基本移民类别：家庭类、人道立场类、独立类、亲属担保类，每个类别联邦政府均可设置目标数，同时它还确立了加拿大各级政府对移民安置工作的合作原则。
加拿大移民政策时间的车轮滚滚驶入21世纪，尽管加拿大每年落地的新移民超过20余万名，但是劳动力紧缺、移民分布不均衡、审理周期冗长等问题仍待解决。2002年出台的《移民和难民保护法》重新修订了加拿大的移民政策，并推出枫叶卡代替返加证以方便永久居民自由往返加拿大。在加拿大联邦政府的大力支持下，加拿大各省政府也积极参与移民工作，推出各类省提名移民计划来帮助繁荣当地的经济发展，可以说新世纪的加拿大到处涌动着欢迎新移民的热潮。