1. 前后对比或转折
这一类词汇烤鸭其实经常会用到，能够在表达中清晰明了地告诉考官前后会有对比或转折，提醒考官注意。这一类表达有哪些呢：
However 然而
Example: Our local government has promised to improve air quality. So far, however, little has been achieved.
Nevertheless 尽管如此
Example: There is little chance that we will succeed. Nevertheless, it is important that we try.
Mind you 不过
Example: I dont like the job. But mind you/still, the moneys ok.
In spite of / despite 尽管如此
Example: The train was an hour late. In spite of this, I managed to get to the meeting in time.
2. 理清结构
有些同学在答题时候思路太活跃，话题转太快，会让考官抓不到答题思路。因此，用一些词汇或者表达把自己的回答梳理清楚，很有必要：
A. First (ly), first of all, to begin / start with, in the first place, for starters
B. Second (ly), next, another reason
C. Third (ly), lastly, finally, for the last part, last but not least
口语范例：
Q: Do you think the government has a responsibility to encourage old people to learn new things?
A: NO, I dont think so. First of all, learning new things is never easy, especially for senior citizens.Secondly, learning or not is ones right
在这个范例中，通过first of all 和secondly两个表达的应用，考官很容易就能get到考生要表达的观点。
3. 补充观点，进一步解释说明
很多同学在提出自己的观点之后，还需要补充内容，进行拓展，或是进一步说明自己想表达的意思。
这种情况，可以用下面这些表达：
Moreover, furthermore, in addition, as well as that, what is more/worse, besides, on top of that, another thing is
Example: She borrowed my bike and never give it back. As well as that/ on top of that/ whats more/ what's worse, she broke the microscope in our lab and pretended she hadnt.
I mean 进一步解释说明
Example: The party was so boring. I mean, they all sat around and talked about football/shoes.
Actually 给出更多细节, 尤其是意想不到的内容
Example: The food in that restaurant was not all that experience. Actually, some were even cheaper than those all street side stalls.
That is to say, in other words 换句话说
Example: I cant continue working with you. That is to say / in other words, unless you do something about your laziness, I will have to team up with someone else.
4. 概括总结
口语和写作还是有区别的，不必一定要用一段话来sum up自己的观点，但是如果时间还没到，自己已经无话可说了，这个时候就可以通过review来补充时间：
On the whole, in general, in all/most/many/some cases, broadly speaking, by and large, to a great extent, to some extent
前面一些比较常用的，圈哥就不多说啦~ 下面几个则是用得比较少，或者无法直接从字面上判断意思的：
By and large 总的来说
Example: By and large, Chinese people are peace-loving, law-abiding citizens.
To a great extent 很大程度上
Example: To a great extent, a persons character is formed in their early childhood.
5. 例外情况
如果大家在讲完某个例子之后，发现太短，想突出某一个与众不同的东西的时候来侧面拓展的话，就可以用到下面的这些表达了：
Except for
Example: She wrote all of the songs on the album except for the final track.
Apart/aside from
Example: Apart/Aside from the final track, all of the songs on the album were written by her.
With the exception of
Example: With the exception of the final track, this album is a huge disappointment.